Succinyl-NCQD Enhanced LSPR for Chlorine Detection in Lipid Matrices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53655/joe.y3148hKeywords:
carbon quantum dots, surface plasmon resonance, silver nanoparticles, lipid-matrices, chlorineAbstract
Chlorine contamination in crude palm oil (CPO) is a key factor in the formation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), a harmful contaminant with carcinogenic potential. Existing detection methods such as ion chromatography (IC) and total chlorine analyzers (TCA) are accurate but complex, time-consuming, and not suitable for rapid or on-site testing. This study was conducted to develop a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) optical sensor for detecting organic chlorine in edible oil matrices. The main objectives of this study are to investigate LSPR sensing for chlorine detection, fabricate a composite-based LSPR sensor using succinyl-functionalized nanocarbon quantum dots (succinyl-NCQD) and silver nanotriangles (AgNT), and evaluate its sensitivity in detecting low chlorine concentrations. Succinyl-NCQD was chosen as the sensing material to improve binding interaction and signal response. The sensor showed a strong linear response in the 0.5–5 ppm range with a sensitivity of 1.6877 nm ppm⁻¹, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.56 ppm, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.85 ppm.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Qayyum Othman, Athiyah Sakinah Masran, Azween Hadiera Hishamuddin, Mohd Hafiz Abu Bakar, Nur Hidayah Azeman, Nadhratun Naiim Mobarak, Ahmad Ashrif A Bakar
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